The Paksoy-1 was sailing from Cameroon to Ivory Coast when the pirates boarded the ship in the Gulf of Guinea.
It was not carrying freight and eight sailors managed to escape. Turkey says it is working to secure the release of those seized.
The International Maritime Bureau says the Gulf of Guinea is the most dangerous sea in the world for piracy.
Ömer Çelik, spokesman for Turkey’s ruling AK Party, said the ministry was following the case closely and “working on it”.
READ ALSO: Wizkid’s manager, babymama accuses singer of domestic violence
Numan Paksoy, operations manager at Kadıoğlu Maritime, said about “12 pirates with heavy guns” had attacked the boat.
Crew members hid in a safe room – the citadel – when the pirates boarded the ship, but emerged after “the assailants threatened to burn the ship and kill all of them”, he told the BBC in an emailed statement.
The attackers then picked 10 sailors and let the other eight go, he added.
73% of all sea kidnappings and 92% of hostage-takings occur in the Gulf of Guinea off Nigeria, Guinea, Togo, Benin and Cameroon, according to the International Maritime Bureau (IMB).
Recently, the organisation has noted “a welcome and marked decrease” in attacks in the region due to an increase in Nigerian Navy patrols.
Twenty-one incidents have been recorded around Nigeria so far this year, compared to 31 in the same period of 2018.